Kamar yadda masana'antu zuwa babban canji, da saurin ci gaba a fagen samar da makamashi mai tsabta da semiconductor da ci gaban masana'antu na hotovoltaic, tare da babban inganci da ingantaccen aiki na kayan aikin lu'u-lu'u masu girma da buƙatu, amma lu'u-lu'u lu'u-lu'u foda a matsayin mafi mahimmancin albarkatun ƙasa, gundumar lu'u-lu'u da matrix da ke riƙe da ƙarfi ba mai ƙarfi ba ne mai sauƙi farkon kayan aikin carbide rayuwa ba ta daɗe. Don magance waɗannan matsalolin, masana'antu gabaɗaya suna ɗaukar lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u-lu'u tare da kayan ƙarfe, don haɓaka halayen yanayin sa, haɓaka karko, don haɓaka ƙimar kayan aikin gabaɗaya.
A lu'u-lu'u foda surface shafi hanya ne mafi, ciki har da sinadaran plating, electroplating, magnetron sputtering plating, injin evaporation plating, zafi fashe dauki, da dai sauransu, ciki har da sinadaran plating da plating tare da balagagge tsari, uniform shafi, iya daidai sarrafa shafi abun da ke ciki da kauri, da abũbuwan amfãni na musamman shafi, ya zama masana'antu biyu mafi yawan amfani da fasaha.
1. sinadaran plating
Lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lulua, sôn a sôn sôn a sôn sôn sôn a sôlô sôn a sôlô, ta sləmakwani həŋ ta ghəŋa mnduha. A halin yanzu, mafi yawan amfani da lu'u-lu'u sinadarai plating shi ne sinadaran nickel plating-phosphorus (Ni-P) binary alloy yawanci ana kiransa sinadarin nickel plating.
01 Haɗin sinadarai na nickel plating bayani
A abun da ke ciki na sinadaran plating bayani yana da wani hukunci tasiri a kan santsi ci gaba, kwanciyar hankali da kuma shafi ingancin ta sinadaran dauki. Yawanci yana ƙunshi babban gishiri, wakili mai ragewa, mai rikitarwa, buffer, stabilizer, accelerator, surfactant da sauran abubuwa. Matsakaicin kowane bangare yana buƙatar daidaitawa a hankali don cimma sakamako mafi kyau na sutura.
1, babban gishiri: yawanci nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel amino sulfonic acid, nickel carbonate, da sauransu, babban aikinsa shine samar da tushen nickel.
2. Reductive wakili: yafi samar da atomic hydrogen, yana rage Ni2 + a cikin plating bayani a cikin Ni da kuma ajiye shi a saman lu'u-lu'u barbashi, wanda shi ne mafi muhimmanci bangaren a plating bayani. A cikin masana'antu, phosphate na biyu na sodium tare da ƙarfin raguwa mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin farashi da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau ana amfani dashi azaman wakili mai ragewa. Tsarin ragewa zai iya cimma nau'in sinadarai a ƙananan zafin jiki da zafi mai zafi.
3, hadaddun wakili: maganin shafawa na iya haifar da hazo, haɓaka kwanciyar hankali na maganin shafawa, tsawaita rayuwar sabis na maganin plating, haɓaka saurin nickel, haɓaka ingancin suturar sutura, gabaɗaya amfani da succinin acid, citric acid, lactic acid da sauran acid Organic da salts.
4. Sauran abubuwan da aka gyara: stabilizer na iya hana lalatawar bayani na plating, amma saboda zai shafi abin da ya faru na sinadaran plating, yana buƙatar amfani da matsakaici; mai buffer na iya samar da H + a lokacin da ake amfani da sinadarin nickel plating dauki don tabbatar da ci gaba da kwanciyar hankali na pH; da surfactant iya rage shafi porosity.
02 Tsarin nickel-plating sinadarai
Tsarin sinadarai na tsarin sodium hypophosphate yana buƙatar cewa matrix dole ne ya kasance yana da wasu ayyukan haɓaka, kuma saman lu'u-lu'u da kansa ba shi da cibiyar ayyukan motsa jiki, don haka yana buƙatar pretreated kafin sinadari na lu'u-lu'u. Hanyar riga-kafi na gargajiya na platin sinadarai shine kawar da mai, daɗaɗawa, faɗakarwa da kunnawa.
(1) Cire mai, haɓakawa: cirewar mai shine galibi don cire mai, tabo da sauran gurɓatattun ƙwayoyin cuta a saman foda na lu'u-lu'u, don tabbatar da kusancin dacewa da kyakkyawan aiki na shafi na gaba. The coarsening iya samar da wasu kananan ramuka da fasa a saman lu'u-lu'u, ƙara surface roughness na lu'u-lu'u, wanda ba kawai conducive zuwa adsorption na karfe ions a cikin wannan wuri, sauƙaƙa da m sinadaran plating da electroplating, amma kuma samar da matakai a saman lu'u-lu'u, samar da sharadi gwargwado ga ci gaban da sinadaran plating ko electroplating karfe jijiya Layer.
Yawancin lokaci, matakin cire mai yawanci yana ɗaukar NaOH da sauran maganin alkaline azaman maganin cire mai, kuma don matakin da ya dace, ana amfani da acid nitric acid da sauran maganin acid azaman maganin sinadari mai ɗanɗano don ƙaddamar da saman lu'u-lu'u. Bugu da kari, wadannan biyu links ya kamata a yi amfani da ultrasonic tsaftacewa inji, wanda shi ne m don inganta yadda ya dace da lu'u-lu'u foda man kau da coarsening, ajiye lokaci a cikin man kau da coarsening tsari, da kuma tabbatar da sakamakon man kau da m magana.
(2) Hankali da kunnawa: tsarin wayar da kan jama'a da kunnawa shine mafi mahimmancin mataki a cikin dukkanin tsarin aikin sinadarai, wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da ko ana iya aiwatar da platin sinadarai. Hankali shine azurta abubuwan da aka haɗa cikin sauƙi a saman lu'u-lu'u foda wanda ba shi da ikon autocatalytic. A kunnawa shi ne don adsorb da hadawan abu da iskar shaka na hypophosphoric acid da catalytically aiki karfe ions (kamar karfe palladium) a kan rage nickel barbashi, don haka kamar yadda kara da deposition kudi na shafi a saman lu'u-lu'u foda.
Gabaɗaya magana, lokacin jiyya da lokacin kunnawa yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, ƙirar lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u-lu'u palladium ma'ana ba ta da yawa, adsorption na rufin bai isa ba, murfin murfin yana da sauƙin faɗuwa ko da wahala a samar da cikakkiyar sutura, kuma lokacin jiyya ya yi tsayi sosai, zai haifar da ɓarna ma'ana ta palladium, saboda haka, mafi kyawun lokacin faɗakarwa da jiyya na kunnawa shine 20 ~ 3.
(3) Chemical nickel plating: da sinadaran nickel plating tsari ba kawai shafi abun da ke ciki na shafi bayani, amma kuma shafi shafi bayani zafin jiki da kuma PH darajar. Traditional high zafin jiki sinadaran nickel plating, da general zafin jiki zai kasance a cikin 80 ~ 85 ℃, fiye da 85 ℃ sauki sa bazuwar da plating bayani, kuma a kasa fiye da 85 ℃ zazzabi, da sauri da dauki kudi. A kan PH darajar, kamar yadda pH karuwa shafi shaida kudi zai tashi, amma pH kuma za ta haifar da nickel gishiri laka samuwar hana sinadaran dauki kudi, don haka a kan aiwatar da sinadaran nickel plating ta inganta sinadarai plating bayani abun da ke ciki da kuma rabo, sinadaran plating tsari yanayi, sarrafa da sinadaran shafi ajiya kudi, shafi yawa, shafi yawa, lalata lalata juriya, shafi yawa gamu da bukatar shafi lu'u-lu'u ci gaban masana'antu.
Bugu da ƙari, murfin guda ɗaya bazai iya cimma madaidaicin kauri mai kyau ba, kuma za'a iya samun kumfa, pinholes da sauran lahani, don haka za'a iya ɗaukar nau'i mai yawa don inganta ingancin suturar kuma ƙara tarwatsa foda mai lu'u-lu'u.
2. electro nickelling
Saboda kasancewar phosphorus a cikin Layer Layer bayan lu'u-lu'u sinadarai nickel plating, yana kaiwa ga matalauta lantarki watsin, wanda rinjayar da yashi loading tsari na lu'u-lu'u kayan aiki (tsarin gyara da lu'u-lu'u barbashi a kan matrix surface), don haka plating Layer ba tare da phosphorus za a iya amfani da a cikin hanyar nickel plating. A takamaiman aiki shi ne ya sa lu'u-lu'u foda a cikin shafi bayani dauke da nickel ions, lu'u-lu'u barbashi lamba tare da ikon korau electrode a cikin cathode, nickel karfe block immersed a cikin plating bayani da alaka da ikon tabbatacce electrode ya zama anode, ta hanyar electrolytic mataki, da free nickel ions a cikin bayani an rage zuwa atoms a kan lu'u-lu'u surface girma a cikin shafi.
01 Haɗin maganin plating
Kamar maganin plating na sinadarai, maganin electroplating yafi samar da ions ƙarfe da ake buƙata don tsarin lantarki, kuma yana sarrafa tsarin ƙaddamar da nickel don samun murfin ƙarfe da ake buƙata. Babban abubuwan da ke cikin sa sun haɗa da babban gishiri, wakili mai aiki na anode, wakili mai buffer, ƙari da sauransu.
(1) Main gishiri: yafi amfani da nickel sulfate, nickel amino sulfonate, da dai sauransu Gabaɗaya, da mafi girma babban gishiri maida hankali, da sauri da yaduwa a plating bayani, da mafi girma a halin yanzu yadda ya dace, da karfe deposition kudi, amma shafi hatsi zai zama m, da kuma rage na babban gishiri taro, da muni conductivity na shafi, da wuya a sarrafa.
(2) Anode aiki wakili: saboda anode ne mai sauki passivation, sauki ga matalauta conductivity, shafi uniformity na halin yanzu rarraba, don haka shi wajibi ne don ƙara nickel chloride, sodium chloride da sauran jamiái a matsayin anodic activator don inganta anode kunnawa, inganta halin yanzu yawa na anode passivation.
(3) Wakilin buffer: kamar maganin plating ɗin sinadarai, ma'aikacin buffer zai iya kula da kwanciyar hankali na maganin plating da cathode pH, ta yadda zai iya canzawa cikin kewayon da aka yarda da tsarin lantarki. Wakilin buffer na gama gari yana da boric acid, acetic acid, sodium bicarbonate da sauransu.
(4) Sauran abubuwan haɓakawa: bisa ga buƙatun sutura, ƙara madaidaicin adadin wakili mai haske, wakili mai daidaitawa, wakili na wetting da wakili daban-daban da sauran ƙari don haɓaka ingancin sutura.
02 Diamond electroplated nickel kwarara
1. pretreatment kafin plating: lu'u-lu'u sau da yawa ba conductive, da kuma bukatar da za a plated da wani Layer na karfe ta hanyar sauran shafi matakai. Sau da yawa ana amfani da hanyar saka sinadarai don riga-kafin ƙarfe na ƙarfe da kauri, don haka ingancin rufin sinadari zai shafi ingancin platin ɗin zuwa wani ɗan lokaci. Gabaɗaya magana, abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarin phosphorus a cikin suturar bayan sinadarai suna da tasiri mai girma akan ingancin suturar, kuma babban murfin phosphorus yana da ingantacciyar juriya ta lalatawa a cikin yanayin acidic, farfajiyar rufin yana da ƙarin kumburin ƙari, babban ƙaƙƙarfan yanayi kuma babu kayan maganadisu; matsakaicin murfin phosphorus yana da juriya na lalata da juriya; da low phosphorus shafi yana da in mun gwada da mafi ingancin conductivity.
Bugu da kari, da karami da barbashi size na lu'u-lu'u foda, da ya fi girma da takamaiman surface yankin, a lokacin da shafi, sauki iyo a cikin plating bayani, zai samar da yayyo, plating, shafi sako-sako da Layer sabon abu, kafin plating, bukatar sarrafa P abun ciki da kuma shafi ingancin, don sarrafa watsin da yawa na lu'u-lu'u foda don inganta foda sauki taso kan ruwa.
2, nickel plating: a halin yanzu, lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u lu'u-lu'u sau da yawa yana ɗaukar hanyar suturar jujjuyawar, wato, an ƙara daidai adadin maganin electroplating a cikin kwalban, wani adadin foda na lu'u-lu'u na wucin gadi a cikin maganin electroplating, ta hanyar juyawa na kwalban, fitar da lu'u-lu'u lu'u-lu'u a cikin kwalban don mirgina. A lokaci guda kuma, an haɗa ingantaccen lantarki tare da toshe nickel, kuma ana haɗa wutar lantarki mara kyau tare da foda na lu'u-lu'u na wucin gadi. A ƙarƙashin aikin filin lantarki, ions nickel kyauta a cikin maganin plating suna samar da nickel na ƙarfe a saman lu'u-lu'u na lu'u-lu'u. Duk da haka, wannan hanya tana da matsalolin ƙananan tasiri da kuma rashin daidaituwa, don haka hanyar juyawa ta lantarki ta samo asali.
Hanyar lantarki mai juyawa ita ce juya cathode a cikin lu'u-lu'u foda plating. Wannan hanya na iya ƙara lamba yankin tsakanin electrode da lu'u-lu'u barbashi, ƙara uniform conductivity tsakanin barbashi, inganta m sabon abu na shafi, da kuma inganta samar da inganci na lu'u-lu'u plating nickel.
taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani
A matsayin babban kayan aiki na kayan aikin lu'u-lu'u, gyaran fuska na micropowder lu'u-lu'u wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci don haɓaka ƙarfin sarrafa matrix da inganta rayuwar sabis na kayan aiki. Domin inganta yawan yashi na kayan aikin lu'u-lu'u, ana iya sanya Layer na nickel da phosphorus akan saman micropowder na lu'u-lu'u don samun takamaiman aiki, sa'an nan kuma a yi kauri ta hanyar plating na nickel, kuma a inganta yanayin aiki. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa lu'u-lu'u surface kanta ba shi da wani catalytic aiki cibiyar, don haka yana bukatar a pretreated kafin sinadaran plating.
takardun shaida:
Liu Han. Nazari a kan fasahar shafi saman da ingancin wucin gadi lu'u-lu'u micro foda [D]. Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zhongyuan.
Yang Biao, Yang Jun, da Yuan Guangsheng. Nazari a kan tsarin pretreatment na lu'u-lu'u saman lu'u-lu'u [J]. Daidaita sararin samaniya.
Li Jinhua. Bincike a kan gyaran fuska da aikace-aikacen ƙananan lu'u-lu'u na lu'u-lu'u da aka yi amfani da su don waya saw [D]. Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zhongyuan.
Fang Lili, Zheng Lian, Wu Yanfei, et al. Chemical nickel plating tsari na wucin gadi lu'u-lu'u surface [J]. Jaridar IOL.
An sake buga wannan labarin a cikin cibiyar sadarwar kayan abu mai ƙarfi
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 13-2025
