A matsayin masana'antu zuwa ga canji mai girma, saurin ci gaba a fannin samar da makamashi mai tsafta da kuma ci gaban masana'antar semiconductor da photovoltaic, tare da ingantaccen aiki da kuma ingantaccen ikon sarrafa kayan aikin lu'u-lu'u, wanda ke ƙara buƙatar sa, amma foda lu'u-lu'u na wucin gadi a matsayin mafi mahimmancin kayan aiki, gundumar lu'u-lu'u da ƙarfin riƙe matrix ba shi da ƙarfi, rayuwar kayan aikin carbide na farko ba ta daɗe ba. Domin magance waɗannan matsalolin, masana'antar gabaɗaya tana amfani da rufin saman foda lu'u-lu'u da kayan ƙarfe, don inganta halayen saman sa, haɓaka juriya, don inganta ingancin kayan aikin gabaɗaya.
Hanyar shafa saman foda ta lu'u-lu'u ta fi yawa, gami da faranti na sinadarai, electroplating, faranti na magnetron sputtering, faranti na ƙafewar iska, fashewar zafi, da sauransu, gami da faranti na sinadarai da faranti tare da tsari mai girma, shafi na uniform, zai iya sarrafa abun da ke ciki da kauri daidai, fa'idodin shafa na musamman, ya zama fasaha biyu da aka fi amfani da ita a masana'antar.
1. shafa sinadarai
Rufin sinadarin lu'u-lu'u shine a sanya foda lu'u-lu'u da aka yi wa magani a cikin maganin shafawa na sinadarai, sannan a saka ions na ƙarfe a cikin maganin shafawa ta hanyar aikin mai ragewa a cikin maganin shafawa na sinadarai, wanda ke samar da murfin ƙarfe mai kauri. A halin yanzu, faranti na sinadarai na lu'u-lu'u da aka fi amfani da shi shine sinadarin nickel plating-phosphorus (Ni-P) wanda galibi ana kiransa da sinadarin nickel plating.
01 Haɗakar maganin sinadarin nickel
Tsarin sinadarin plating yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ci gaban sinadarai, kwanciyar hankali da ingancin shafi. Yawanci yana ƙunshe da babban gishiri, mai rage sinadarai, mai rikitarwa, mai daidaita sinadarai, mai saurin amsawa, mai saurin amsawa, mai saurin amsawa, mai surfactant da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Ya kamata a daidaita rabon kowane sashi a hankali don cimma mafi kyawun tasirin shafi.
1, babban gishiri: yawanci nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel amino sulfonic acid, nickel carbonate, da sauransu, babban aikinsa shine samar da tushen nickel.
2. Maganin rage zafi: galibi yana samar da sinadarin hydrogen na atomic, yana rage Ni2+ a cikin maganin rage zafi a cikin Ni sannan ya ajiye shi a saman ƙwayoyin lu'u-lu'u, wanda shine mafi mahimmancin sashi a cikin maganin rage zafi. A cikin masana'antu, ana amfani da sodium na biyu phosphate mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi don rage zafi, ƙarancin farashi da kwanciyar hankali na plating a matsayin maganin rage zafi. Tsarin rage zafi zai iya cimma plating na sinadarai a ƙananan zafin jiki da zafi mai yawa.
3, wakili mai rikitarwa: maganin shafawa na iya haifar da ruwan sama, haɓaka kwanciyar hankali na maganin shafawa, tsawaita rayuwar maganin shafawa, inganta saurin adana nickel, inganta ingancin layin shafawa, gabaɗaya ana amfani da succinin acid, citric acid, lactic acid da sauran acid na halitta da gishirinsu.
4. Sauran abubuwan da aka haɗa: mai daidaita yanayin zai iya hana ruɓewar maganin plating, amma saboda zai shafi faruwar amsawar sinadaran plating, yana buƙatar amfani da matsakaici; mai kiyayewa zai iya samar da H+ yayin amsawar sinadarin nickel plating don tabbatar da ci gaba da kwanciyar hankali na pH; mai sanyaya iska zai iya rage porosity na shafi.
02 Tsarin shafa nickel mai sinadarai
Rufin sinadarai na tsarin sodium hypophosphate yana buƙatar cewa matrix ɗin dole ne ya sami takamaiman aikin catalytic, kuma saman lu'u-lu'u ba shi da cibiyar ayyukan catalytic, don haka yana buƙatar a yi masa magani kafin a rufe shi da sinadarai na foda lu'u-lu'u. Hanyar gargajiya ta farar sinadarai ita ce cire mai, ƙaiƙayi, faɗakarwa da kunnawa.
(1) Cire mai, rage girmansa: cire mai shine mafi mahimmanci don cire mai, tabo da sauran gurɓatattun abubuwa na halitta a saman foda lu'u-lu'u, don tabbatar da dacewa da kyau na murfin da ke gaba. Rage girmansa na iya samar da wasu ƙananan ramuka da fashe-fashe a saman lu'u-lu'u, ƙara ƙaiƙayin lu'u-lu'u a saman, wanda ba wai kawai yana taimakawa wajen shaƙar ions na ƙarfe a wannan wuri ba, yana sauƙaƙa shafa sinadarai da kuma sanya electroplating na gaba, har ma yana samar da matakai a saman lu'u-lu'u, yana samar da yanayi mai kyau don haɓaka plating na sinadarai ko electroplating Layer na adana ƙarfe.
Yawanci, matakin cire mai yawanci yana ɗaukar NaOH da sauran maganin alkaline a matsayin maganin cire mai, kuma don matakin rage mai, ana amfani da nitric acid da sauran maganin acid a matsayin maganin sinadarai na ɗanyen sinadari don goge saman lu'u-lu'u. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata a yi amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin haɗin guda biyu tare da injin tsaftacewa na ultrasonic, wanda ke taimakawa wajen inganta ingancin cire mai da kuma rage mai, adana lokaci a cikin tsarin cire mai da rage mai, da kuma tabbatar da tasirin cire mai da kuma magana mai kauri.
(2) Sanin hankali da kunnawa: tsarin wayar da kan jama'a da kunnawa shine mafi mahimmancin mataki a cikin dukkan tsarin sanya sinadarai, wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da ko za a iya aiwatar da sanya sinadarai. Sanin hankali shine a shafa abubuwan da aka yi wa oxidized cikin sauƙi a saman foda lu'u-lu'u wanda ba shi da ikon sarrafa kansa. Kunnawa shine don shaƙar iskar oxygen na hypophosphoric acid da ions na ƙarfe masu aiki (kamar ƙarfe palladium) akan rage barbashi na nickel, don hanzarta yawan sakawa a saman foda lu'u-lu'u.
Gabaɗaya dai, lokacin da ake amfani da shi wajen magance matsalar da kuma kunna shi ya yi gajere, samuwar ma'aunin palladium na ƙarfe mai siffar lu'u-lu'u ya yi ƙasa, shaƙar ma'aunin ba ta isa ba, layin ma'aunin yana da sauƙin faɗuwa ko kuma yana da wahalar samar da cikakken ma'auni, kuma lokacin magani ya yi tsayi sosai, zai haifar da ɓatar da ma'aunin palladium, saboda haka, mafi kyawun lokacin da za a yi amfani da shi wajen magance matsalar da kuma kunna shi shine minti 20-30.
(3) Rufin sinadarin nickel: Tsarin rufin sinadarin nickel ba wai kawai yana shafar sinadarin sinadarin nickel ba, har ma yana shafar zafin maganin shafawa da ƙimar PH. Rufin sinadarin nickel na gargajiya mai zafi, zafin jiki na gaba ɗaya zai kasance a cikin 80 ~ 85℃, yana da sauƙin haifar da ruɓewar maganin shafawa, kuma a ƙasa da zafin jiki na 85℃, saurin amsawar ya fi sauri. A kan ƙimar PH, yayin da pH ke ƙaruwa yawan rufin zai tashi, amma pH kuma zai haifar da samuwar laka na gishirin nickel yana hana ƙimar amsawar sinadarai, don haka a cikin tsarin rufin sinadarin nickel ta hanyar inganta tsarin rufin sinadarai da rabo, yanayin tsarin rufin sinadarai, sarrafa ƙimar rufin sinadarai, yawan rufin, juriya ga lalata, hanyar yawan rufin, foda lu'u-lu'u don biyan buƙatun ci gaban masana'antu.
Bugu da ƙari, shafi ɗaya ba zai iya samun kauri mai kyau na shafi ba, kuma yana iya samun kumfa, ramukan fil da sauran lahani, don haka ana iya ɗaukar shafi da yawa don inganta ingancin shafi da kuma ƙara yaɗuwar foda lu'u-lu'u mai rufi.
2. electro nickeling
Saboda kasancewar phosphorus a cikin layin shafa bayan an yi amfani da sinadarin nickel na lu'u-lu'u, yana haifar da ƙarancin wutar lantarki, wanda ke shafar tsarin ɗora yashi na kayan aikin lu'u-lu'u (tsarin daidaita ƙwayoyin lu'u-lu'u a saman matrix), don haka ana iya amfani da layin shafa ba tare da phosphorus ba a hanyar farantin nickel. Aikin musamman shine a sanya foda lu'u-lu'u a cikin maganin shafa da ke ɗauke da ions na nickel, ƙwayoyin lu'u-lu'u suna hulɗa da electrode mai ƙarfi a cikin cathode, toshe ƙarfe na nickel da aka nutse a cikin maganin shafawa kuma aka haɗa shi da electrode mai ƙarfi don zama anode, ta hanyar aikin electrolytic, ions na nickel kyauta a cikin maganin shafawa an rage su zuwa atoms akan saman lu'u-lu'u, kuma atoms ɗin suna girma zuwa murfin.
01 Tsarin maganin plating
Kamar maganin shafawa na sinadarai, maganin shafawa na lantarki galibi yana samar da ions na ƙarfe da ake buƙata don tsarin shafawa, kuma yana sarrafa tsarin adana nickel don samun murfin ƙarfe da ake buƙata. Babban abubuwan da ke cikinsa sun haɗa da babban gishiri, wakilin aiki na anode, wakilin buffer, ƙari da sauransu.
(1) Babban gishiri: galibi ana amfani da nickel sulfate, nickel amino sulfonate, da sauransu. Gabaɗaya, mafi girman babban gishirin, da sauri yaduwar maganin plating, mafi girman ingancin yanzu, da ƙimar ajiyar ƙarfe, amma ƙwayoyin rufi za su yi kauri, da raguwar babban gishirin, da mummunan tasirin murfin, da wahalar sarrafawa.
(2) Maganin aiki na Anode: saboda anode yana da sauƙin wucewa, yana da sauƙin jurewa, yana shafar daidaiton rarrabawar yanzu, don haka ya zama dole a ƙara nickel chloride, sodium chloride da sauran sinadarai a matsayin masu kunna anodic don haɓaka kunna anode, inganta yawan yanzu na passivation na anode.
(3) Maganin Buffer: Kamar maganin sinadarai, wakilin buffer zai iya kiyaye daidaiton maganin plating da pH na cathode, ta yadda zai iya canzawa a cikin kewayon da aka yarda da shi na tsarin electroplating. Maganin buffer na yau da kullun yana da boric acid, acetic acid, sodium bicarbonate da sauransu.
(4) Sauran ƙari: bisa ga buƙatun murfin, ƙara adadin mai haske, mai daidaita ma'auni, mai jika da sauran sinadarai daban-daban da sauran ƙari don inganta ingancin murfin.
02 Gudun nickel mai siffar lu'u-lu'u
1. Gyaran gaba kafin a yi amfani da shi: lu'u-lu'u ba ya da tasiri ga iska, kuma yana buƙatar a yi masa fenti da wani ƙarfe ta hanyar wasu hanyoyin shafa. Sau da yawa ana amfani da hanyar shafa sinadarai don shafa wani ƙarfe kafin a yi amfani da shi da kauri, don haka ingancin shafa sinadarin zai shafi ingancin shafa wani abu har zuwa wani mataki. Gabaɗaya, abubuwan da ke cikin phosphorus a cikin shafa bayan an yi amfani da sinadarai suna da tasiri sosai kan ingancin shafa, kuma babban shafan phosphorus yana da juriyar tsatsa a cikin yanayin acidic, saman shafa yana da ƙarin kumburin ƙari, babban kauri a saman kuma babu wani abu mai kama da maganadisu; matsakaicin shafan phosphorus yana da juriyar tsatsa da juriyar lalacewa; ƙarancin shafan phosphorus yana da mafi kyawun watsawa.
Bugu da ƙari, ƙaramin girman barbashi na foda lu'u-lu'u, mafi girman yankin saman, lokacin da aka shafa, mai sauƙin iyo a cikin maganin plating, zai haifar da zubewa, plating, shafi laka mai laushi, kafin plating, buƙatar sarrafa abun ciki da ingancin shafi na P, don sarrafa watsawa da yawan foda lu'u-lu'u don inganta foda mai sauƙin iyo.
2, plating na nickel: a halin yanzu, plating na foda na lu'u-lu'u sau da yawa yana amfani da hanyar rufewa mai birgima, wato, ana ƙara adadin maganin electroplating daidai a cikin kwalbar, wani adadin foda na lu'u-lu'u na wucin gadi a cikin maganin electroplating, ta hanyar juyawar kwalbar, ana tura foda na lu'u-lu'u a cikin kwalbar don yin birgima. A lokaci guda, electrode mai kyau yana haɗuwa da toshe nickel, kuma electrode mara kyau yana haɗuwa da foda na lu'u-lu'u na wucin gadi. A ƙarƙashin aikin filin lantarki, ions na nickel da ba su da rai a cikin maganin plating suna samar da nickel na ƙarfe a saman foda na lu'u-lu'u na wucin gadi. Duk da haka, wannan hanyar tana da matsalolin ƙarancin ingancin rufi da kuma rufin da bai daidaita ba, don haka hanyar electrode mai juyawa ta samo asali.
Hanyar lantarki mai juyawa ita ce a juya cathode a cikin plating na foda na lu'u-lu'u. Wannan hanyar za ta iya ƙara yankin hulɗa tsakanin electrode da lu'u-lu'u, ƙara daidaitaccen yanayin aiki tsakanin ƙwayoyin, inganta yanayin shafi mara daidaito, da kuma inganta ingancin samar da plating na lu'u-lu'u.
taƙaitaccen bayani
A matsayin babban kayan aikin lu'u-lu'u, gyaran saman micropowder na lu'u-lu'u hanya ce mai mahimmanci don haɓaka ƙarfin sarrafa matrix da inganta rayuwar kayan aikin. Domin inganta yawan nauyin yashi na kayan aikin lu'u-lu'u, yawanci ana iya shafa Layer na nickel da phosphorus a saman micropowder na lu'u-lu'u don samun takamaiman ikon sarrafawa, sannan a ƙara kauri Layer ɗin plating ta hanyar plating nickel, da haɓaka ikon sarrafawa. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa saman lu'u-lu'u da kansa ba shi da cibiyar aiki mai tasiri, don haka yana buƙatar a yi masa magani kafin a fara plating na sinadarai.
Takardun shaida:
Liu Han. Nazari kan fasahar rufe saman da ingancin ƙaramin foda na lu'u-lu'u na wucin gadi [D]. Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zhongyuan.
Yang Biao, Yang Jun, da Yuan Guangsheng. Nazari kan tsarin gyaran fuska na lu'u-lu'u kafin a fara amfani da shi [J]. Daidaita sararin samaniya.
Li Jinghua. Bincike kan gyaran saman da kuma amfani da ƙananan foda na lu'u-lu'u da ake amfani da su wajen yin amfani da waya [D]. Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zhongyuan.
Fang Lili, Zheng Lian, Wu Yanfei, da sauransu. Tsarin shafa nickel mai sinadarai na saman lu'u-lu'u na wucin gadi [J]. Mujallar IOL.
An sake buga wannan labarin a cikin hanyar sadarwa ta kayan aiki mai ƙarfi
Lokacin Saƙo: Maris-13-2025
